Horticulture Guruji

Horticultural and Botanical Classifications of Fruits

I. Classification based on climatic requirement: –

Temperature Fruits: – Apple, Pear, Peach, Almond, Walnut, Plum, Apricot, Pecan nut, Hazelnut, Cherry, Strawberry, etc.
Tropical Fruits: – Mango, Guava, Banana, Pineapple, Sapota, Jackfruit, Papaya, Custard Apple, Carambola Persimmon, Coconut, Cashew, etc.
Sub-Tropical Fruits: – Fig, Ber, Pomegranate, Date palm, Ber, Citrus, Phalsa, Loquat, Litchi, Karonda, Grape, Beal, Aonla, Avocado, etc.

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II. Botanical classification:

Sr. No.	Family	Common Name	Botanical Name	Chromosome Number (2n)
A.	Monocotyledonous
1	Arecaceae	Coconut	Cocos nucifera	32
2		Areca Nut	Areca catechu	32
3		Oil Palm	Elaeis guineensis	32
4		Date Palm	Phoenix dactylifera	36
5	Bromeliaceae	Pineapple	Ananas comosus	50
6	Musaceae	Banana	Musa paradisiaca	22,33,44
B.	Dicotyledonous
7	Anacardiaceae	Mango	Magifera indica	40
8		Cashewnut	Anacardium occidentale	42
9		Pista	Pistacia vera	30
10	Apocynaceae	Karonda	Carissa carandas	22
11	Caricaceae	Papaya	Carica papaya	18
12	Euphorbiaceae	Aonla	Emblica officinalis	18
13		Rubber	Hevea brasiliensis	36
14	Juglandaceae	Walnut	Juglans regia	32
15	Leguminosae	Tamarind	Tamarindus indica	24
16	Moraceae	Fig	Ficus carica	26
17		Jack Fruit	Artocarpus hetrophyllus	56
18	Myrtaceae	Guava	Psidium guajava	22
19		Jamun	Syzygium cumini	40
20	Punicaceae	Pomegranate	Punica granatum	18
21	Rhamnaceae	Ber	Zizyphus mouritiana	48
22	Rosaceae	Almond	Prunus amygladus	16
23		Apple	Malus domestica	34
24		Apricot	Prunus armeniaca	16
25		Peach	Prunus persica	16
26		Pear	Pyrus communis	34
27		Plum (European)	Prunus domestica	48
28		Plum (Japanese)	Prunus salicina	16
29		Strawberry	Fragaria chiloensis	14
30	Rubiaceae	Coffee	Coffee arabica	44
31	Rutaceae	Beal	Aegle marmelos	18
32		Citron	Citrus medica	18
33		Grapefruit	Citrus paradise	18
34		Karna Khatta	Citrus karna	18
35		Jambhiri	Citrus jambhiri	18
36		Lemon	Citrus limon	18
37		Lime	Citrus aurantifolia	18
38		Mandarin Ornage	Citrus reticulata	18
39		Rangpur Lime	Citrus limonia	18
40		Sweet Lime	Citrus limettoides	18
41		Sweet Orange	Citrus sinensis	18
42		Pummelo	Citrus grandis	18
43	Sapotaceae	Sapota	Achars zapota	26
44	Sapindaceae	Litchi	Litchi chinensis	28
45	Sterculiaceae	Cocoa	Theoproma cocao	20
46	Theaceae	Tea	Cammellia sinensis	15
47	Tiliaceae	Phalsa	Grewia subinaequalis	36
48	Vitaceae	Grape	Vitis vinifera	38

III. Classification based on the nature of growth: –

Herbaceous– Banana, Pineapple, Strawberry
Shrubaceous – Karonda, Phalsa, Pomegranate,
Woody/tree: – Mango, Ber, Sapota, Jamun, Guava, Pear, Peach, Apple, Jackfruit, etc.
Climber: – Grapes, kiwi, etc.

IV. Classification based on fruit type

Berry: – Banana, Papaya, Grape, Sapota, Kiwi, Arecanut, Avocado, Date palm, Guava,
Pome: – Apple, Pear, Quince, Loquat
Drupe/Stone: – Plum, Mango, Peach, Ber, Coconut, Cherry, Cocoa, Coffee, Jamun, Almond, Apricot.
Hesperidium: – Citrus
Nut: – Litchi, Cashew nut, Walnut, Chestnut, Pecanut, Rambutan
Capsule: – Aonla, carambola,
Aggregate Fruits / Eteario of berries: – Raspberry, Custard Apple, Blackberry, Strawberry
Psorosis:- Pineapple, Jackfruit, Mulberry, Breadfruit
Syconus:- Fig

V. Classification based on the continuation of growth

Evergreen: – Mango, Citrus, Litchi, Sapota, etc.
Deciduous: – Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, Apricot, etc.

VI. Classification based on ripening behaviour

Climacteric Fruits: –The sharp rise in respiration after harvesting.

Example: – Mango, Banana, Custard Apple, Fig, Peach, Guava, Papaya, Apple, Sapota, Pear, Plum, Jackfruit, Passion Fruit.

Non-climacteric Fruits: – Steady respiration at the time of harvesting.

Example:- Citrus, Grapes, Pomegranate, Litchi, Ber, Pineapple, Jamun, Cashew, Cherry, Strawberry,

VII. Classification based on photoperiod requirement

Short day plant: – Plants require day length (light period) less than 12 hours.

Example: – Strawberry, Pineapple, Coffee,

Long day plant:-Plants require a day (light period) length of 12 hours or more.

Example:- Plaintain, Passion Fruit, Apple

Day-neutral plants:- Not affected by day length or light period.

Example:- Papaya, Guava, Banana

VIII. Classification based on salinity tolerance

Tolerant	Moderate Tolerant	Sensitive
Ber	Fig	Peach
Pomegranate	Citrus	Apricot
Phalsa	Mango	Avocado
Date	Grape	Almond
Aonla	Cashew	Plum
Custard Apple	Jamun	Pear
Guava		Strawberry

References cited

Commercial Fruits. By S. P. Singh
A text book on Pomology, Vol,1. by T. K. Chattapadhya
Tropical Horticulture, Vol.1, by T. K. Bose, S. K. Mitra, A. A. Farooqui and M. K. Sadhu